Evolution of Glass Tempering Models

Dr. O.S. NarayanaSwamy

Tempering of glass has been in commercial practice for well over a century. However, quantitative mathematical modeling of this important industrial process is relatively new. Tempering model has evolved from early simple rules to calculate residual stresses in uniformly and symmetrically tempered glass slab to modern three dimensional finite element model that can predict transient and permanent stresses in glass of any shape with complex thermal histories. This remarkable evolution is reviewed and illustrated with some examples.

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